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Which of the following essential oils are classified as esters?

  1. Bergamot, Cardamom, Clary Sage

  2. Anise, Fennel, Nutmeg

  3. Juniperus virginiana, Cupressus sempervirens

  4. Oxide's smell

The correct answer is: Bergamot, Cardamom, Clary Sage

Esters are a class of chemical compounds formed from the reaction of an acid and an alcohol, and they are known for their sweet, fruity aromas. In the context of essential oils, esters contribute to many beneficial properties such as calming effects and being uplifting. Bergamot, cardamom, and clary sage are all essential oils that belong to the ester category. For example, bergamot contains linalyl acetate, which gives it a floral and citrusy fragrance, while clary sage is rich in linalyl acetate as well, contributing to its herbaceous scent. Cardamom is known for its sweet and spicy aroma, which is partly due to its ester content. The other choices contain essential oils that do not primarily feature esters or are not recognized as esters. The combination of these three oils—each with their distinctive ester compounds—solidifies the choice as the correct answer.